Category: prayer

The Five Daily Islamic prayers consist of 17 Obligatory (Fard) rakats of Fard with additional Sunnah rakats

How many Rakats in each prayer ?

Here is a breakdown of how many rakats in each pray:

The Fard Rakahs are compulsory whereas the Sunnah Rakahs are optional.

Fajr (dawn) pray 2 sunnah then 2 Fard

Dhuhr (midday) pray 4 sunnah (prayed 2 by 2 ) then 4 fard and 2 sunnah

Asr (Late Afternoon) pray 4 sunnah (prayed 2 by 2 ) then 4 fard

Maghrib (after sunset) pray 3 Fard then 2 sunnah

Isha (Night) pray 2 sunnah then 4 Fard then 2 sunnah and then 3 witr

Note The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also prescribed a (Sunnah) prayer before Maghrib, and between the adhaan and iqaamah. So you may also pray 2 rakahs before Maghrib

It was narrated that ‘Abdullah ibn Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Between each two calls there is a prayer, between each two calls there is a prayer, between each two calls there is a prayer,” then the third time he said: “For whoever wishes.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (627) and Muslim (838).

What is meant by the two calls is: the Adhan and Iqamah.

Table Shows how many rakats in each of the 5 daily prayers

Note The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also prescribed a (Sunnah) prayer before Maghrib, and between the adhaan and iqaamah. So you may also pray 2 rakahs before Maghrib if you wish.

It was narrated that ‘Abdullah ibn Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Between each two calls there is a prayer, between each two calls there is a prayer, between each two calls there is a prayer,” then the third time he said: “For whoever wishes.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (627) and Muslim (838).

What is meant by the two calls is: the Adhan and Iqamah.

What to do if the Fard prayer has started or the Iqamah for the fard prayer has started ?

When you are in the Masjid for prayer. If the Iqamah for prayer has started one must stop praying his Sunnah prayers immediately and join the congregation for the Fard prayers.

Some brothers and sisters arrive in the Masjid and see the congregation praying the Fards they do not join the congregation but they start trying to perform the sunnah rakahs and then join. This is wrong and against the Prophet ‘s peace be upon him teachings

What if you are New to prayer

For those who are very new to praying and thus may be overwelmed by the learning process, my advice would be to start by praying just the fard rakats (rakah)

Then as you grow do the sunnah of the fajr prayer and the 3 witr as soon as possible

Then as you grow more you can do the additional sunnahs if you wish.

Sometimes overwhelm themselves and end up missing even the fard prayers.

Number of rakats for Jummah prayer

 Tahiyyat al-Masjid (Greeting the Masjid)

When one arrives in the Masjid he or should offer 2 rakahs prayers for for greeting the Masjid before he or she sits down.

Even if the Khutbah (sermon) for Jummah is being performed he should still do 2 rakahs and then sit down and quietly listen to the sermon. However if the Friday prayer has started he does not do the 2 rakahs salutation but rather he must join the congregation.

 Abu Qatada Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “If any one of you enters a mosque, he should pray two raka’ats before sitting.” Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim

Importance of Sunnah prayers

The mother of the faithfull Umm Habibah Ramilah bint Abu Sufyan Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated that she heard the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam saying: “A house will be built in paradise for every Muslim who offers twelve Rak’ah of optional salah other than the obligatory salah in day and night, to seek pleasure of Allah.” Narrated by Muslim.

According to Imam Nisaai and Imam Tirmidhi these 12 rakkahs are:

2 Before Fard of Fajr

4 Before Fard of  Dhuhr and 2 After the Fard

2 After Fard of  Mahgrib

and 2 After Fard of Isha

Importance of Prayer 2 Rakaats when entering the Masjid

 Abu Qatada Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “If any one of you enters a mosque, he should pray two raka’ats before sitting.” Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim

Importance of the 2 Sunnahs of Fajr

 Aisha radhiyallahu ‘anha narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “The two rakaats before dawn (fajr) prayer are better than the world and all that it contains.” Narrated by Muslim.

Aisha radhiyallahu ‘anha narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam was never more regular and strict in offering any Nawafil than the two rakaats (sunnah before) dawn (fajr) prayer. Narrated by Al-Bukhari

Importance of Sunnah of Dhuhr

Umm Habiba radhiyallahu ‘anha narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “Whoever, observes the practice of offering four rak’ahs before Duhr prayer and four rak’ahs after it. Allah will shield him against the fire of hell.” Narrated bay Abu Daud and At-Tirmithi

Importance of Witr prayer

Abdullah bin Umar Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated thet the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “Make Witr as your last salah (prayer) at night.” Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

Importance of Praying 2 Rakaats after wudhu

Abu Huraira Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated that Allah’s Messenger Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said to Bilal Radhiallahu ‘anhu “Tell me about the most hopeful act (i.e one which you deem the most rewarding with Allah) you have done since your acceptance of Islam because I heard the sound of the steps of your shoes in front of me in paradise.” Bilal said : “I do not consider any act more hopeful than that whenever I make ablution (wudhu) at any time of night or day, I offer salah (prayer) for as long as was destined for me to offer.” Narrated by Al-bukhari and Muslim

It is mustahabb to pray two rakahs between each two calls

It was narrated that ‘Abdullah ibn Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Between each two calls there is a prayer, between each two calls there is a prayer, between each two calls there is a prayer,” then the third time he said: “For whoever wishes.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (627) and Muslim (838).

What is meant by the two calls is: the Adhan and Iqamah.

Muslimconverts.com Admin

Salatul al istikhaarah is performed by first praying two Rakkahs of non obligatory prayer and then raising ones hands in dua and reciting the following dua

Allaahumma inni astakheeruka bi ‘ilmika wa astaqdiruka bi qudratika wa as’aluka min fadlika, fa innaka taqdiru wa laa aqdir, wa ta’lamu wa laa a’lam, wa anta ‘allaam al-ghuyoob. Allaahumma fa in kunta ta’lamu haadha’l-amra ( then the matter should be mentioned by name) khayran li fi ‘aajil amri wa aajilihi (or: fi deeni wa ma’aashi wa ‘aaqibati amri) faqdurhu li wa yassirhu li thumma baarik li fihi. Allaahumma wa in kunta ta’lamu annahu sharrun li fi deeni wa ma’aashi wa ‘aaqibati amri (or: fi ‘aajili amri wa aajilihi) fasrifni ‘anhu [wasrafhu ‘anni] waqdur li al-khayr haythu kaana thumma radini bihi

English Translation of the Istikharah dua

(O Allaah, I seek Your guidance [in making a choice] by virtue of Your knowledge, and I seek ability by virtue of Your power, and I ask You of Your great bounty. You have power, I have none. And You know, I know not. You are the Knower of hidden things. O Allaah, if in Your knowledge, this matter (then it should be mentioned by name) is good for me both in this world and in the Hereafter (or: in my religion, my livelihood and my affairs), then ordain it for me, make it easy for me, and bless it for me. And if in Your knowledge it is bad for me and for my religion, my livelihood and my affairs (or: for me both in this world and the next), then turn me away from it, [and turn it away from me], and ordain for me the good wherever it may be and make me pleased with it.)

Ibn Hijr (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, commenting on this hadeeth:
“Istikhaarah is a word which means asking Allaah to help one make a choice, meaning choosing the best of two things where one needs to choose one of them.

Ibn Abi Jamrah said: ‘It is a general phrase which refers to something specific. With regard to matters that are waajib (obligatory) or mustahabb (liked or encouraged), there is no need for istikhaarah to decide whether to do them, and with regard to matters that are haraam (forbidden) or makrooh (disliked), there is no need for istikhaarah to decide whether to avoid them. The issue of istikhaarah is confined to matters that are mubaah (allowed), or in mustahabb matters when there is a decision to be made as to which one should be given priority.’ I say: it refers to both great and small matters, and probably an insignificant issue could form the groundwork for a big issue.

Al-Nawawi said in al-Adhkaar: He can pray istikaarah after two rak’ahs of regular sunnah prayer done at zuhr for example, or after two rak’ahs of any naafil prayers whether they are regularly performed or not… It seems to be the case that if he made the intention to pray istikhaarah at the same time as intending to pray that particular prayer, this is fine, but not if he did not have this intention.

Evidence from hadith. The description of Salaat al-Istikhaarah was reported by Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah al-Salami (may Allaah be pleased with him).

Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah al-Salami (may Allaah be pleased with him) said:
“The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to teach his companions to make istikhaarah in all things, just as he used to teach them soorahs from the Qur’aan. He said: ‘If any one of you is concerned about a decision he has to make, then let him pray two rak’ahs of non-obligatory prayer, then say: Allaahumma inni astakheeruka bi ‘ilmika wa astaqdiruka bi qudratika wa as’aluka min fadlika, fa innaka taqdiru wa laa aqdir, wa ta’lamu wa laa a’lam, wa anta ‘allaam al-ghuyoob. Allaahumma fa in kunta ta’lamu haadha’l-amra (then the matter should be mentioned by name) khayran li fi ‘aajil amri wa aajilihi (or: fi deeni wa ma’aashi wa ‘aaqibati amri) faqdurhu li wa yassirhu li thumma baarik li fihi. Allaahumma wa in kunta ta’lamu annahu sharrun li fi deeni wa ma’aashi wa ‘aaqibati amri (or: fi ‘aajili amri wa aajilihi) fasrifni ‘anhu [wasrafhu ‘anni] waqdur li al-khayr haythu kaana thumma radini bihi (O Allaah, I seek Your guidance [in making a choice] by virtue of Your knowledge, and I seek ability by virtue of Your power, and I ask You of Your great bounty. You have power, I have none. And You know, I know not. You are the Knower of hidden things. O Allaah, if in Your knowledge, this matter (then it should be mentioned by name) is good for me both in this world and in the Hereafter (or: in my religion, my livelihood and my affairs), then ordain it for me, make it easy for me, and bless it for me. And if in Your knowledge it is bad for me and for my religion, my livelihood and my affairs (or: for me both in this world and the next), then turn me away from it, [and turn it away from me], and ordain for me the good wherever it may be and make me pleased with it.”
(Reported by al-Bukhaari, 6841; similar reports are also recorded by al-Tirmidhi, al-Nisaa’i, Abu Dawood, Ibn Maajah and Ahmad).

Muslimconverts.com Admin

The Tahajjud prayer (i.e the night prayer) is the best prayer after the obligatory prayers.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: The best prayer after the obligatory prayer is prayer at night.(Narrated by Muslim)

How to pray the Tahajjud prayer

1 Time for the Tahajjud prayer 
 
The Time of Tahajjud prayer starts after Isha prayer. It is preferred to pray Tahajjud after the middle of the night and the best time to pray the Tahajjud prayer is in the last third of the night.

 ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to pray eleven rakahs at night, and say the tasleem after each two rakahs, and he would pray Witr with one rakah. Saheeh, ( agreed upon)

How to calculate the middle of the Night

The way to calculate the middle of the night is by taking the time difference  between the start of maghrib prayer and the start of the Fajr prayer and dividing by two then adding that result to the start of the Maghrib prayer.

For instance if Maghrib prayer started at 7 pm and Fajr prayer started at 4 am. Then the Maghrib and Fajr are 9 hours apart from each other.

So we divide 9 by 2= 4 hours and 30 minutes .
Next we add this to the start of Maghrib (i.e. 7pm)

Thus Middle of the night will be 7 + 4 hours and 30 minutes = 11.30 pm

How to calculate the last third of the night

 To find the time for the last third of the might we know that the difference between start of Maghrib and Fajr is 9 hrs.

Therefore to find the last third of the night we divide 9 by 3=3hrs.

Since start of Fajr is 4 am. the last third of the night is 3 hrs before fajr thus 4am -3hrs=1am

So the best time to pray Tahajjud would be between 1am -4am.

2. The Performance of Tahajjud prayer

The Tahajjud prayer is performed by praying a 2 rakkahs then another two rakkahs and then another two rakkahs and then another 2 rakkahs
and finally another two rakkahs (a total of 8 rakkahs) after this the Witr prayer is performed.

Some Muslims pray 4 by 4 rakkahs but  scholars say that it should be 2 by 2 by 2 by 2 because there is a hadith of Ibn ‘Umar according to which a man asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about prayer at night. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Prayers at night are to be offered two by two (two rakahs at a time). If any of you fears that the time of dawn is approaching then let him pray one rak’ah as Witr.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 846; Muslim, 749)

Also the hadith of Aisha quoted about also mentions the Prophet peace be upon him performing 2 rakkahs and saying Taslim.

The Hadith of Aisha specifies how many rakahs were prayed in total.

So you should pray 2 rakahs, then another 2 rakahs, then another 2 rakahs and then another 2 rakahs. After this you should  pray the  witr prayer.

For those who may be new to Islam each set of  two rakkahs are prayed similar to the two rakkahs of the Fajr prayer.

Importance and bennefits of praying the Tahajjud prayer

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: The best prayer after the obligatory prayer is prayer at night.(Narrated by Muslim)

Ali said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: In Paradise there are apartments the outside of which can be seen from the inside and the inside of which can be seen from the outside. A Bedouin stood up and said: Who are they for, O Messenger of Allaah?  He said: They are for those who speak good words, feed others, fast regularly and pray to Allaah at night when people are sleeping.  (Classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi.)

Al-Haakim narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Jibreel came to me and said: O Muhammad, live as long as you want, for you will die. Love whomever you want, for you will leave him. Do whatever you want for you will be requited for it. Remember that the believer’s honour is his praying at night, and his pride is his being independent of people.(Classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaamia) .

The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Whoever prays qiyaam reciting ten verses will not be recorded as one of the negligent. Whoever prays qiyaam reciting one hundred verses will be recorded as one of the devout. Whoever prays qiyaam reciting one thousand verses will be recorded as one of the muqantireen.
Narrated by Abu Dawood, 1398; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood

Muqantireen are those people who will be given a qintaar of reward. Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: A qintaar is better than this world and everything in it. Classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Targheeb, 638.

And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: You should pray qiyaam al-layl, for it is the custom of the righteous who came before you and it brings you closer to your Lord, and expiates sins and prevents misdeeds.
(Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 3549; classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Irwaa al-Ghaleel, 452.)

Allah says :

“Verily, the Muttaqun (pious ) will be in the midst of Gardens and Springs (in the Paradise),

Taking joy in the things which their Lord has given them. Verily, they were before this Muhsinun (good-doers).

They used to sleep but little by night [invoking their Lord (Allah) and praying, with fear and hope].”

[al-Dhaariyaat 15-17]

Allah says:

“And in some parts of the night (also) offer the Salat (prayer) with it , as an additional prayer (Tahajjud optional prayer Nawafil) for you (O Muhammad ). It may be that your Lord will raise you to Maqaman Mahmuda (a station of praise and glory, i.e. the highest degree in Paradise!).
[al-Israa 79]

Allah says:

 “O you wrapped in garments (i.e. Prophet Muhammad )!

Stand (to pray) all night, except a little.

Half of it, or a little less than that,

Or a little more; and recite the Qur’an (aloud) in a slow, (pleasant tone and) style .

Verily, We shall send down to you a weighty Word (i.e. obligations, legal laws, etc.).

Verily, the rising by night (for Tahajjud prayer) is very hard and most potent and good for governing (the soul), and most suitable for (understanding) the Word (of Allah).”
[al-Muzzamil 1-6]

Allah says :

“Only those believe in Our Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), who, when they are reminded of them, fall down prostrate, and glorify the Praises of their Lord, and they are not proud.
Their sides forsake their beds, to invoke their Lord in fear and hope, and they spend (in charity in Allah’ss Cause) out of what We have bestowed on them.
No person knows what is kept hidden for them of joy as a reward for what they used to doa”
[al-Sajdah 15-17]

Allah describes them elsewhere in the following terms :

“And He it is Who has put the night and the day in succession, for such who desires to remember or desires to show his gratitude.”And those who spend the night before their Lord, prostrate and standing.

And those who say: “Our Lord! Avert from us the torment of Hell. Verily! Its torment is ever an inseparable, permanent punishment.”

Evil indeed it (Hell) is as an abode and as a place to dwell.

And those, who, when they spend, are neither extravagant nor niggardly, but hold a medium (way) between those (extremes).

And those who invoke not any other ilah (god) along with Allah, nor kill such life as Allah has forbidden, except for just cause, nor commit illegal sexual intercourse and whoever does this shall receive the punishment.

The torment will be doubled to him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein in disgrace;

Except those who repent and believe (in Islamic Monotheism), and do righteous deeds, for those, Allah will change their sins into good deeds, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

And whosoever repents and does righteous good deeds, then verily, he repents towards Allah with true repentance.

And those who do not witness falsehood, and if they pass by some evil play or evil talk, they pass by it with dignity.

And those who, when they are reminded of the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of their Lord, fall not deaf and blind thereat.

And those who say: “Our Lord! Bestow on us from our wives and our offspring who will be the comfort of our eyes, and make us leaders for the Muttaqun” (pious – ).”

Those will be rewarded with the highest place (in Paradise) because of their patience. Therein they shall be met with greetings and the word of peace and respect.

Abiding therein; excellent it is as an abode, and as a place to dwell.[al-Furqaan 64-76]

 Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was on a journey, on top of his mount, whichever direction it was facing, gesturing the motions of the night prayer, except the obligatory prayer, and he prayed Witr atop his mount. ( Bukhari and Muslim)

It was the habit of the sahabah to pray the Tahajjud prayer. This is why the spies of the Romans described the Muslims as MONKS BY NIGHT AND WARRIORS BY DAY to Caesar who upon hearing this realised that fighting them was impossible and advised his people to avoid a fight but his generals disagreed with him because they knew the Muslim were poor, low in number and had very inferior weapons and thus on paper it seemed like an easy fight.  The Roman generals thought they would give this Muslim Army a humiliating trashing and make them feel inferior.

In one battle 250 000 Western Christian Army (Romans) made of  well trained, and well fed disciplined soldiers in their dazzling uniforms with the latest weapons of that time met just 40 0000 Mujahideen.

Sahabah (companions) of the Prophet peace be upon him had worn out cloths which were torn and had been stitched or remained torn. They had not had a decent meal maybe for months. Their equipment was very poor. So they didn’t look like a match for the Strong professional Roman army.

On seeing their humble state the Roman general Mahan told the Muslim general Khalid bin Waleed :

“It looks as if poverty, nakedness and starvation has compelled you to come here. If you wish I am willing to give you 10 dinars, expensive cloths and good food. You can take these things and leave.

Next year I can send you these things; you do not have to take the trouble to come here.”

Khalid bin Walid replied
“Mahan listen to me very carefully! You are mistaken about the reason why we are here. We are people who drink the blood of our opponents. We have herd Roman blood is very delicious and we have come to enjoy it.”

Saying this he spurred his horse on, waving the flag of Islam, he shouted Allah-hu Akbar and ordered his troops to attack the enemy.
Brimming with the turbulent emotions of jihad and the will and a desire to achieve martyrdom, he addressed the Mujahideen “Companions! Advance! The cool breeze of Paradise waits to welcome us, and triumph and glory is waiting for us”

On hearing these words from their leader, the Mujahideen fell on the huge Christian army in a massive attack and started to tear it into pieces. On the first day alone they had killed 120 000 Christians soldiers. The Christian Romans were so afraid of a humiliating defeat they started to flee and began to retreat fast.

One should note that Khalid bin Waleed was given the title the sword of Allah by the Prophet peace be upon him and obviously it is haram for Muslims to even drink the blood of animals that’s why we cut the jugular vein of the animals and let the blood drain out and then cook and eat the meat. However, Khalid was a military genius and thus he knew what to say to his opponents.

The rest of the Sahabah nor the Prophet peace be upon him nor Allah criticized him for saying what he said. However if a Mujahid of today used such sentences against the enemies of Islam the he vast majority of Muslims of today would attack him, say he doesn’t represent Islam and even say he isn’t a Muslim.

Allah says about Sahabah:

“And the first to embrace Islam of the Muhajiroon (the Emigrants from Makkah) and the Ansar (the citizens of Al-Madeenah who helped the Muhajiroon) and also those who followed them exactly (in Faith). Allah is well-pleased with them as they are well pleased with Him. He has prepared for them Gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein forever. That is the supreme success.” [9:100]

Allah says (to the sahabah):

“You  are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; you enjoin Al-Maruf(i.e. Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam has ordained) and forbid Al-Munkar(polytheism, disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden), and you believe in Allah...” (Quran 3: 110).

Umar bin Khattab (raa) as he consulted his companions regarding sending troops to ‘Iraq (for participating in the battle of Nahawand). ‘Ali bin Abi Talib (raa) said to him (‘Umar): “O Chief of the believers! This matter cannot be “victory or defeat” because of a great number, or a small number but it is His (Allah’s) Religion which He has made superior and His troops which he has honoured and supported (them) with the angels till it reached (far) what it has reached. We have been promised (victory) by Allah, and Allah fulfils His Promise and supports His troops.”

Tahajjud prayer raises a Muslims emaan, you will be praying at a time when people are asleep and nobody can see you except Allah. Whenever I had prayed Tahajjud I get that extra sense of peace and tranquillity, I would imagine most others do the same.

If a person doesn’t feel that then maybe they are not praying sincerely or not focused in their prayer.

Sometimes shaytaan keeps whispering things to us whilst we are praying in order to distract us from the prayer. So  we get distracted and are not focussed.

We must remember that all acts of worship must firstly be in accordance with Islam and secondly they have to be for Allah and not for the people, nor for family, nor for fame, nor for money etc.

Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Give glad tidings to this ummah of splendour, religion, high rank, victory and prevalence on earth. Whoever does the deeds of the Hereafter to gain some worldly benefit, will have no share of the Hereafter. (Reported by Ahmad. Saheeh al-Jaamia, 2825).

May Allah gives us all the tawfeeq to perform the Tahajjud prayer and perform all that which please Allah and keep us away from all that displeases Allah Ameen.

Muslimconverts.com Admin

Prayer timings vary throughout the globe and slight variations from day to day due to changes in daylight hours.

There are five obligatory prayers which are performed at five different times of the day.

1 FAJR PRAYER (The Morning Prayer)

It is the first of the five obligatory prayers of the day. It starts at dawn and ends at sunrise. Thus it can be prayed between these points. But it is best to pray at the beginning of its time (i.e. just after start of dawn)

2 DHUHR PRAYER .(The Early Afternoon Prayer)

It starts when the sun begins to decline from its zenith and ends when the the size of an object’s shadow is equal to the objects size.

3 ASR PRAYER (The Late Prayer )

It starts when an object’s shadow is equal to the objects size and ends when just before sunset.

It is better to pray Asr before the sky becomes yellow (even though it is allowed to pray at such a time) because the Prophet ( peace be upon him) disliked Muslims praying at such as time and. He remarked that the the Munafiq (Hypocrite ) offers his pray at this time.

4 MAGHRIB PRAYER (The Sunset Prayer )

Its time begins just after sunset and ends when twilight has just disappeared

5 ISHA PRAYER (The Night Prayer )

It starts when twilight has disappeared and ends before midnight

Although you can use this a Manuel way to determine the times of the prayers each day many Masjids have calendars with the times for each prayer each day and you can use apps which calculate the time of each prayer every day,

Muslimconverts.com Admin

In which direction to pray and do Muslims prayer East or west?

Qibla is the fixed direction towards the Kabah in the Grand Mosque in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It’s the direction which all Muslims face when performing their prayers, wherever they are in the world.

Allah says :

“so turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid Al-Haram (at Makkah). And wheresoever you people are, turn your faces (in prayer) in that direction” [al-Baqarah 2:144]

When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) first came to Madeenah, he used to pray facing towards al-Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), with the Kabah behind him and Syria in front of him. But after that he hoped that Allah would change that, so he started lifting his face towards the heavens, looking for Jibreel to come down with the Revelation telling him to turn towards the Kabah,

as Allah says : 

“Verily, We have seen the turning of your (Muhammad’s) face towards the heaven. Surely, We shall turn you to a Qiblah (prayer direction) that shall please you, so turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid Al-Haram (at Makkah)”[al-Baqarah 2:144]

So Allah commanded him to turn towards al-Masjid al-Haram, but there are three exceptions from that: 

1 – If a person is unable to do that, such as one who is sick and is facing a direction other than the qibla, and cannot turn to face it. The duty to face towards the qibla is waived in this case, because Allah says : 

“So keep your duty to Allah and fear Him as much as you can” [al-Taghaabun 64:16] 

“Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope” [al-Baqarah 2:286]

And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If I command you to do a thing, then do as much of it as you can.” Narrated by al-Bukhari, 7288; Muslim, 1337. 

2 – If a person is a state of intense fear, such as one who is fleeing from an enemy or from a wild animal, or from a flood which may drown him. In that case he should pray no matter which direction he is facing. The evidence for that is the verse in which Allah says : 

“And if you fear (an enemy), perform Salaah (pray) on foot or riding. And when you are in safety, offer the Salaah (prayer) in the manner He has taught you, which you knew not (before)” [al-Baqarah 2:239]

The phrase “if you fear” is general in meaning and includes all kinds of fear. And the phrase “And when you are in safety, offer the Salaah (prayer) in the manner He has taught you, which you knew not (before)” indicates that whatever part of the prayer a person omitted because of fear, there is no sin on him because of that – and that includes facing towards the qiblah. 

This is also indicated by the two verses quoted above, and the hadeeth in which it says that obligations are connected to one’s ability to do them. 

3 – When offering naafil (supererogatory) prayers when travelling, whether by plane, car or atop a camel; one may pray in whatever direction one is facing. This applies to naafil prayers such as Witr, night prayers (qiyaam), Duha and so on. 

The traveller should offer all the naafil prayers exactly like one who is not travelling, except the regular Sunnah prayers such as the Sunnahs of Zuhr, Maghrib and ‘Isha’. The Sunnah is not to offer these prayers. 

If a person wants to offer naafil prayers whilst travelling, he may offer them whatever direction he is facing. This is narrated in al-Saheehayn from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 

What to Do If You Don’t Know the Qiblah Direction

Facing the Qibla is one of the conditions for the prayer being Valid however if a person is unable to find out which direction the qibla is then he or she should prayer in the direction they think is the qibla and the prayer will be Valid.

Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

We were with the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) on a march or a campaign, and it became cloudy. We tried to determine the Qiblah and differed concerning it, so each man prayed on his own, and one of us marked the direction he faced him so that he could check it later. The following morning we looked and found that we had prayed facing a direction other than the Qiblah. We told the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and he did not instruct us to repeat it, and he said: “Your prayer is valid.” (Narrated by Ad-Daraqutni, Al-Hakim and Al-Bayhaqi; classed as sound by Al-Albani because of corroborating reports in Irwa’ Al-Ghalil, 291.)

Al-Masjid Al-Haram

It is the first mosque that was built for people on earth,

Allah Says in the Quran :

Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-`Alamin (mankind and jinns). [Al `Imran 3:96]

It was reported in Sahih Muslim that Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about the first mosque to be built for people on earth. He said, `Al-Masjid Al-Haram.’ I asked, ‘Then which?’ He said, ‘Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa [The Furthest Mosque, in Jerusalem].’ I asked, ‘How long between them?’ He said, ‘Forty years.’”

The Kabah is The Heart of Al-Masjid Al-Haram

It was built by Ibrahim (peace be upon him) on the command of Allah. Allah Says (interpretation of the meaning):

{And (remember) when We showed Ibrahim the site of the (Sacred) House (the Ka`bah at Makkah) (saying): `Associate not anything (in worship) with Me, and sanctify My House for those who circumambulate it, and those who bow and make prostration.} [Al-Hajj 22:26]

The word “bawwa’na” [translated here as “We showed”] means “He guided him and gave him permission to build it.” (End quote from Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

Allah also Says :

{And (remember) when Ibrahim and (his son) Isma`il were raising the foundations of the House (the Ka`bah at Makkah)…} [Al-Baqarah 2:127]

Wahb ibn Munbih (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “… It was built by Ibrahim, then [rebuilt] by the Amalekites, then by Jurham, then by Qusayy ibn Kilab. Its rebuilding by Quraysh is well known… They began to rebuild it with the stones of the valley, which Quraysh carried on their shoulders, and they built it up, 20 cubits high…

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The Duha prayer starts when the sun has risen the height of a spear and ends just before the sun passes the Zenith . When the Sun passes the Zenith the time for Dhuhr prayer ends. Some scholars say end point is preferable 10 minutes before start of dhuhr.

Narrated Abu Huraira: My Khalil (friend) (the Prophet) advised me to do three things and I shall not leave them till I die, these are: To fast three days every month, to offer the Duha prayer, and to offer Witr before sleeping. (Bukhari Volume: 2, Book Number: 21, Hadith Number: 274)

Narrated Ibn Abu Laila: Only Um Hani told us that she had seen the Prophet (p.b.u.h) offering the Duha (forenoon prayer). She said, “On the day of the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet took a bath in my house and offered eight Rakat. I never saw him praying such a light prayer but he performed perfect prostration and bowing. Narrated ‘Abdullah bin amir that his father had told him that he had seen the Prophet (p.b.u.h) praying Nawafil at night on the back of his Mount on a journey, facing whatever direction it took. (Bukhari Volume: 2, Book Number: 20, Hadith Number: 207)

Narrated Mujahid: Somebody came to the house of Ibn ‘Umar and told him that Allah’s Apostles had entered the Ka’ba. Ibn ‘Umar said, “I went in front of the Ka’ba and found that Allah’s Apostle had come out of the Ka’ba and I saw Bilal standing by the side of the gate of the Ka’ba. I said, ‘O Bilal! Has Allah’s Apostle (p.b.u.h) prayed inside the Ka’ba?’ Bilal replied in the affirmative. I said, ‘Where (did he pray)?’ He replied, ‘(He prayed) Between these two pillars and then he came out and offered a two Rakat prayer in front of the Ka’ba.’ ” Abu ‘Abdullah said: Abu Huraira said, “The Prophet (p.b.u.h) advised me to offer two Rakat of Duha prayer (prayer to be offered after sunrise and before midday). ” Itban (bin Malik) said, “Allah’s Apostle (p.b.u.h) and Abu Bakr, came to me after sunrise and we aligned behind the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and offered two Rakat.” (Bukhari Volume: 2, Book Number: 21, Hadith Number: 268)

Narrated ‘Abdur Rahman bin Abi Laila: Only Um Hani narrated to me that she had seen the Prophet offering the Duha prayer. She said, “On the day of the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet entered my house, took a bath and offered eight Rakat (of Duha prayers. I had never seen the Prophet offering such a light prayer but he performed bowing and prostrations perfectly (Bukhari 2, Book Number: 21, Hadith Number: 272)

The Ishraaq (Ishrak) prayer is also Duha (Chast) prayer but it is Known as Ishraaq prayer because it is performed Immediately after the sun has risen the height of a spear

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “It is preferable to offer Duha prayer when the sun’s heat has become so intense that even the young of the camels feel it.”  (Narrated by Muslim, 748 )

The minimum number of rakkahs for Duha Prayer are 2 Rakkah and all scholars agree on this. As for maximum number of rakkahs scholars differ some say 8 and some say 12 rakkahs

As  Muslims we should try to do the optional prayers  due to their great benefits.

Other Optional Prayers:

Umm Habiba radhiyallahu ‘anha narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “Whoever, observes the practice of offering four rak’ahs before Duhr prayer and four rak’ahs after it. Allah will shield him against the fire of hell.” Narrated bay Abu Daud and At-Tirmithi.

Umm Habibah Ramilah bint Abu Sufyan Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated that she heard the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam saying: “A house will be built in paradise for every Muslim who offers twelve Rak’ah of optional salah other than the obligatory salah in day and night, to seek pleasure of Allah.” Narrated by Muslim.

Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever prays twelve rak’ahs during the night and day, a house will be built for him in Paradise: four before Zuhr and two after, two rak’ahs after Maghrib, two rak’ahs after ‘Isha’ and two rak’ahs before Fajr prayer.”

Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, no. 380; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaami’, 6362.

Note : That is.

 2 rakaats before the the Fardh of Fajr Prayer,

 4 Rakkats before the Fardh of Dhuhr prayer and 2 after Fardh of  Dhuhr,

2 after Fardh of Maghrib Prayer

2 after Fardh of Isha Prayer

Thus totalling 12 Rakkats of optional Prayer

Aisha radhiyallahu ‘anha narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam was never more regular and strict in offering any Nawafil than the two rakaats (sunnah before) dawn (fajr) prayer. Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

Aisha radhiyallahu ‘anha narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “The two rakaats before dawn (fajr) prayer are better than the word and all that it contains.” Narrated by Muslim.

Abdullah bin Umar Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated thet the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “Make Witr as your last salah (prayer) at night.” Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

Abu Qatada Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated that the Prophet Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said : “If any one of you enters a mosque, he should pray two raka’ats before sitting.” Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

Abu Huraira Radhiallahu ‘anhu narrated that Allah’s Messenger Shalallahu ‘alaihi wa Salam said to Bilal Radhiallahu ‘anhu “Tell me about the most hopeful act (i.e one which you deem the most rewarding with Allah) you have done since your acceptance of Islam because I heard the sound of the steps of your shoes in front of me in paradise.” Bilal said : “I do not consider any act more hopeful than that whenever I make ablution (wudoo) at any time of night or day, I offer salah (prayer) for as long as was destined for me to offer.” Narrated by Al-bukhari and Muslim

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Witr prayer is a voluntary night prayer in Islam, performed after the Isha prayer. It can be performed straight after Isha prayer or anytime before dawn

Scholars have differed as you whether it was obligatory to prayer the witr prayer. Some of Hanafis even thought it was obligatory. Imam Ahmad said ” Whoever neglects Witr is a bad man whose testimony should not be accepted. This indicates that Witr prayer is something that is confirmed.” Thus showing its great importance.

However the correct view is that it is one of the Sunnah Muakkadah (confirmed Sunnah) that Muslims should try to observe regularly and not neglect it. However, not performing witr does not mean your Fard prayers are not valid

Timing of the Witr prayer

The timing of the Witr prayer starts after a person prays the Isha prayer until dawn even if he has joined Isha with Maghrib at the time of Maghrib.

Evidence for this is that the  Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Allah has prescribed for you a prayer (by which He may increase your reward), which is Witr; Allah has enjoined it for you during the time between ‘Isha’ prayer until dawn begins.” Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 425; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi. 

It is better to pray the witr prayer in the final third of the of the night because prayer.

By final third I mean that you calculate total time between Isha and Fajr and divide by 3 and the final third would be the final third of the night.

However, if a person fears that he will not get up at the last third of the night then he or she can pray it straight in the beginning third so that he or she does not miss the prayer.

Evidence  for this is that Jaabir said (may Allah be pleased with him)  said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever fears that he will not get up at the end of the night, let him pray Witr at the beginning of the night, but whoever thinks that he will be able to get up at the end of the night, let him pray Witr at the end of the night, for prayer at the end of the night is witnessed (by the angels) and that is better.” Narrated by Muslim, 755.

If you wish you can also pray Tahajjud and then pray witr. 

How to prayer Witr

One should make the night prayers an odd number and thus the Witr prayer is an odd number of rakahs.

There are several ways of performing the witr prayer. A person could pray 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, rakkahs.

The most common number of  rakkahs that are prayed by most Muslims is 3 rakkahs. If you are praying the witr prayer and dawn is approaching then you should pray 1 rakkah so that you can perform witr before the start of dawn.

How to perform 3 Rakah Witr

I will describe how to pray a 3 rakah witr prayer since that is the most popular..

There are two ways a person can perform a 3 rakkah witr prayer.

First method.

Perform 3 rakahs like the Maghrib prayer with two differences. First difference is that in the secound Rakah of maghrib after the secound sajood prostration) a person normally sits down to recite the Tashahud. In the witr you do not do that. So you get up and perform the  Third Rakkah.  Secound difference is that in the third rakah of the witr prayer you should recite the  Dua of Qanoot either just before raku or after raku.

Secound method

Perform 2 rakahs  like a normal 2 rakah prayer. Then pray one rakah with the addition of qanoot after or before Raku.

Some scholars say the secound method is best.

Witr prayer Dua

In the witr prayer the Dua of Qanoot is recited in the final rakah of the Witr prayer. This should be recited either just before going to Raku (i.e bowing position) or just after straightening up after the Raku (ie. just before going down to Sajda,). Some scholars say that reciting qanoot after raku (bowing) is better.

Raise both hands chest height  and recite  dua of qunoot. 

The dua of qunoot was narrated by Abu Dawood (1425), al-Tirmidhi (464), and al-Nasaa’i (1746) from al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) taught me some words to say in qunoot al-witr: 

“Allaahumma ihdini feeman hadayta wa ‘aafini feeman ‘aafayta wa tawallani feeman tawallayta wa baarik li feema a’tayta, wa qini sharra ma qadayta , fa innaka taqdi wa la yuqda ‘alayk, wa innahu laa yadhillu man waalayta wa laa ya’izzu man ‘aadayta, tabaarakta Rabbana wa ta’aalayta la manja minka illa ilayk

(O Allah, guide me among those whom You have guided, pardon me among those whom You have pardoned, turn to me in friendship among those on whom You have turned in friendship, and bless me in what You have bestowed, and save me from the evil of what You have decreed. For verily You decree and none can influence You; and he is not humiliated whom You have befriended, nor is he honoured who is Your enemy. Blessed are You, O Lord, and Exalted. There is no place of safety from You except with You).” 

The last phrase – Laa manja minka illa ilayka (There is no place of safety from You except with You) – was narrated by Ibn Mandah in al-Tawheed and classed as hasan by al-Albaani.

Can you Prayer Witr Twice?

Shaykh Ibn Baaz was asked:

If I pray Witr at the beginning of the night then I get up at the end of the night, how should I pray?

He replied:

If you pray Witr at the beginning of the night then Allaah enables you to pray qiyaam at the end of the night, then pray whatever Allaah enables you to pray two by two, without Witr, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “There cannot be two Witrs in one night.”

And it was narrated from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to pray two rak’ahs after Witr sitting down. Fataawa Islamiyyah, 1/339

Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Make the last of your prayer at night Witr.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 998; Muslim, 751

Saheeh Muslim (738) from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to pray two rakahs after Witr whilst sitting down.

Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

The correct view is that he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed these two rakahs after Witr sitting down, to demonstrate that it is permissible to pray after Witr, and to demonstrate that it is permissible to offer naafil prayers sitting down. He did not do that all the time, rather he did it once or twice or a few times.

Hadiths Related to Witr prayer:

Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Witr is one rakah at the end of the night.” Narrated by Muslim, 752.

And Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The night prayers are two (rakahs) by two, but if one of you fears that dawn is about to break, let him pray one rakah to make what he has prayed odd-numbered.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 911; Muslim, 749. If a person limits himself to praying one rakah, then he has performed the Sunnah.  

Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her)  said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used not to say the tasleem in the (first) two rakahs of Witr. According to another version: “He used to pray Witr with three rakahs and he did not sit except in the last of them.” (Narrated by al-Nasaa’i, 3/234; al-Bayhaqi, 3/31. al-Nawawi said in al-Majmoo’ (4/7): it was narrated by al-Nasaa’i with a hasan isnaad, and by al-Bayhaqi with a saheeh isnaad. )

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), that he used to separate the two rak’ahs from the single rakah with a tasleem, and he said that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to do that. Narrated by Ibn Hibbaan (2435); Ibn Hajar said in al-Fath (2/482): its isnaad is qawiy (strong). 

Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to pray thirteen rakahs at night, praying five rakahs of Witr, in which he would not sit except in the last rakah. Narrated by Muslim, 737. 

Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to pray Witr with five or seven (rakahs) and he did not separate between them with any salaam or words. Narrated by Ahmad, 6/290; al-Nasaa’i, 1714. al-Nawawi said: Its isnaad is jayyid. Al-Fath al-Rabbaani, 2/297. and it was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i. 

Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to pray nine rakahs in which he did not sit except in the eighth, when he would remember Allah, praise Him and call upon Him, then he would get up and not say the tasleem, and he would stand up and pray the ninth (rakah), then he would sit and remember Allah and praise Him and call upon Him, then he would say a tasleem that we could hear. (Sahih Muslim)


Al-Nasaa’i (1729) narrated that Ubayy ibn Ka’b said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to recite in Witr Sabbih isma rabbika al-‘a’la (“Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High” – Soorat al-A’la 87), Qul yaa ayyuha’l-kaafiroon (“Say: O disbeliever…” – Soorat al-Kaafiroon 109) and Qul Huwa Allaahu ahad (“Say: He is Allaah, the One” – Soorat al-Ikhlaas 112). Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i. 

All these ways of offering Witr prayer have been mentioned in the Sunnah, but the best way is not to stick to one particular way; rather one should do it one way one time and another way another time, so that one will have done all the Sunnahs. 


With regard to Qunoot: there are two extreme views and one middle view. Some say that qunoot should only be recited before bowing and some say that it should only be recited after bowing. The fuqaha’ among the scholars of hadeeth, such as Ahmad and others, say that both are allowed, because both are mentioned in the saheeh Sunnah, but they preferred reciting qunoot after bowing because this is mentioned more often. 

Raising the hands is mentioned in a saheeh report from ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him), as was narrated by al-Bayhaqi in a report which he classed as saheeh (2/210). 

The worshipper should raise his hands to chest height and no more, because this dua is not a dua of supplication in which a person needs to raise his hands high. Rather it is a dua of hope in which a person holds out his palms towards heaven… The apparent meaning of the scholar’s words is that the worshipper should hold his hands close together like a beggar who asks someone else to give him something. 

It is better not to recite qunoot in witr all the time, rather it should be done sometimes, because there is no evidence that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did it all the time.

 
It is mustahabb to say after the tasleem: Subhaan al-Malik al-Quddoos three times, elongating the vowels the third time, as narrated by al-Nasaa’i (1699) and classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh Sunan al-Nasaa’i. 

Al-Daaraqutni added the word: Rabb al-Malaa’ikah wa’l-Rooh (Lord of the angels and the Spirit), with a saheeh isnaad. See Zaad al-Ma’aad by Ibn al-Qayyim, 1/337.

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Just before  a person prayers, he or she, must establish a Sutrah.

What is sutrah in Islam and what can i use as a sutrah

 This is a any Tall Object About The Height Of A Saddle which we should place Just Beyond the Place of Prostration and try not to let any thing pass between us and the sutrah. 

 Place anything (about the height of a saddle) just beyond the place of prostration.  Things that can be used are: a wall, bed, tall pillow, tall purse, tall stick, tree, etc. Anything that breaks the path between the person praying and someone who “may” need to pass in front.  It’s best to pray facing a wall, bed, or any other type of tall object, so that there will be no need for someone to pass directly in front.  Do not mind anyone who passes beyond the sutrah.

The Prophet (SAW) said, “Do not pray except towards a sutrah, and do not let anyone pass in front of you, but if someone continues (to try to pass) then fight him, for he has a companion (i.e. a Shaitan) with him.” (Sahih – Al-Bukhari and Ahmad)

“When he (SAW) prayed (in an open space where there was nothing to use as a sutrah) he would plant a spear in the ground in front of him and pray towards it with the people behind him.” (Sahih – Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
The Prophet (SAW) said, “When one of you places in front of him something such as the stick on the end of a saddle, he should pray and not mind anyone who passes beyond it.” (Sahih – Muslim and Abu Dawood)

Learn how to pray ( perform salah is Arabic word for prayer , Namaz Urdu word for for prayer)

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